Особенности законодательного описания специальных субъектов преступлений, предусмотренных ст.ст. 200.4, 200.5 УК РФ

Аватар пользователя Миронова Галина Николаевна
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Введенные в 2018г.1 в УК РФ нормы, устанавливающие ответственность за совершение различного рода незаконных действий (злоупотребление, подкуп и т.д.) в сфере закупок товаров, работ, услуг для обеспечения государственных и муниципальных нужд, были направлены на обеспечение финансовой безопасности и устранение случаев недобросовестности участников правоотношений в указанной сфере.

Распространенность различных злоупотреблений при осуществлении закупок, одновременно с невозможностью привлечения лиц к уголовной ответственности за коммерческий подкуп либо совершение должностных преступлений подтолкнуло законодателя к принятию соответствующих поправок в УК РФ.

Особенности толкования правового статуса должностных лиц, а также субъектов коммерческого подкупа и злоупотребления полномочиями в коммерческой или иной организации, закрепленные в соответствующих нормах УК РФ не позволяли отнести к числу субъектов указанных преступлений лиц не наделенных административно-хозяйственными либо организационными полномочиями.

В связи с этим перечень уголовно наказуемых деяний, а вместе с ним и субъектный состав был расширен за счет следующих лиц:

- работник контрактной службы, контрактный управляющий, член комиссии по осуществлению закупок, лицо, осуществляющее приемку поставленных товаров, выполненных работ или оказанных услуг, либо иное уполномоченное лицо, представляющее интересы заказчика в сфере закупок товаров, работ, услуг для обеспечения государственных или муниципальных нужд (200.5 УК РФ);

- работник контрактной службы, контрактный управляющий, член комиссии по осуществлению закупок, лицо, осуществляющее приемку поставленных товаров, выполненных работ или оказанных услуг, либо иное уполномоченным лицом, представляющим интересы заказчика в сфере закупок товаров, работ, услуг для обеспечения государственных или муниципальных нужд, которые не являются должностными лицами или лицами, выполняющими управленческие функции в коммерческой или иной организации (200.4 УК РФ).

Используемые законодателем формулировки фактически указывают на осуществление указанными лицами административно-хозяйственных полномочий, свойственных и субъектам должностных преступлений либо преступлений против интересов службы в коммерческих и иных организациях.например, лицо, осуществляющее приемку поставленных товаров, выполненных работ фактически осуществляет полномочия связанные с определением значимых признаков сделки, фактического наличия товаров их качества и т.д.

Диспозиции указанных статей также прямо оговаривают возможность совпадения признаков данных составов со схожими должностными преступлениями (при отсутствии признаков преступлений, предусмотренных чч.1-4ст.ст 204 и 291 УК РФ) (ст.

200.5 УК РФ).Такие оговорки, сделанные в рамках данных статей, дополнительно подчеркивают не просто схожесть, а тождественность признаков указанных субъектов с признаками субъектов преступлений, предусмотренных ст.ст.201, 204, 290 УК РФ.

Анализ признаков субъектов преступлений, предусмотренных ст.ст. 205.4, 205.5 УК РФ позволяет говорить о "промежуточном" статусе указанных лиц.Фактически выполняемые ими обязанности (обуславливающие подкуп либо злоупотребление), носят не в полной мере юридически значимый характер, а в большей мере связаны с выполнением "технических функций" влияющих на констатацию очевидных фактов и не требующих специальных особых правомочий.Схожесть данных функций с административно-хозяйственными полномочиями управленцев в коммерческих и иных организациях позволяет говорить о необходимости установления наличия либо отсутствия именно полномочий по принятию решений о распоряжении товарно-материальными ценностями, заключении договоров, отчуждении имуществом и т.д.

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Проблемы и решения: 

Особенности толкования правового статуса должностных лиц, а также субъектов коммерческого подкупа и злоупотребления полномочиями в коммерческой или иной организации, закрепленные в соответствующих нормах УК РФ не позволяли отнести к числу субъектов указанных преступлений лиц не наделенных административно-хозяйственными либо организационными полномочиями.

Zip_слово: 
субъект подкупа
Статус автора: 
Преподаватель
Отрасли: 
Особенная часть
Уголовное право
Описание статьи / тезисов
Публикуются: 
Тезисы
Тип статьи / тезисов: 
Нет
Article name /Название статьи (анг.): 
Features of the legislative description of special subjects of crimes provided for by Art. 200.4, 200.5 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Аннотация: 
В статье отражен подход законодателя о расширении уголовно-наказуемых деяний и субъектов преступлений в сфере закупок товаров, работ, услуг для обеспечения государственных или муниципальных нужд.
Annotation/ Аннотация (анг.): 
The article reflects the approach of the legislator on the expansion of criminal acts and subjects of crimes in the field of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state or municipal needs.
Направляется в редакцию: 
Журнал "Правовые технологии"
Статус статьи/тезисов: 
Публикуется впервые
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